What clinical condition is characterized by excess growth hormone in adults?

The condition characterized by excess growth hormone in adults is acromegaly. This disorder typically results from a growth hormone-secreting tumor of the pituitary gland, known as a pituitary adenoma. In adults, the overproduction of growth hormone leads to the enlargement of bones and tissues, particularly noticeable in the hands, feet, and face. Patients may present with features such as enlarged facial features, thickened skin, and increased size of the hands and feet.

The excess growth hormone in acromegaly can also lead to various metabolic complications, including insulin resistance and cardiovascular issues. Diagnosing acromegaly usually involves measuring insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels and conducting an oral glucose tolerance test to see if growth hormone levels remain elevated after glucose intake.

In contrast to this condition, hypopituitarism involves insufficient hormone production, including growth hormone, leading to reduced growth and other hormonal deficiencies. Cushing's syndrome is related to excess cortisol, not growth hormone, and dwarfism typically results from deficits in growth hormone or other genetic factors that affect growth, rather than an excess. Therefore, acromegaly is the definitive clinical condition associated with excess growth hormone in adults.