What condition arises from inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) leads to diabetes insipidus. This condition is characterized by excessive thirst and the production of large amounts of dilute urine. ADH, also known as vasopressin, plays a crucial role in regulating water balance in the body by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys. When there is insufficient ADH, the kidneys cannot reabsorb water effectively, resulting in polyuria (increased urine output) and potential dehydration.

The symptoms of diabetes insipidus are distinct from other conditions. For instance, diabetes mellitus is related to insulin deficiency or resistance, leading to hyperglycemia, while Cushing's syndrome is caused by excessive cortisol production, leading to a variety of systemic symptoms unrelated to ADH secretion. Hypopituitarism involves a deficiency of various pituitary hormones but does not specifically relate to the inadequate secretion of ADH alone. Thus, the hallmark of diabetes insipidus is directly linked to the effects of insufficient ADH, making it the correct answer in this context.