What condition is characterized by excessive secretion of growth hormone?

The condition characterized by excessive secretion of growth hormone is acromegaly. This disorder typically results from a growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma, leading to an overproduction of growth hormone, which in turn causes the excessive growth of bones and soft tissues.

Patients with acromegaly often present with enlarged hands and feet, facial changes such as a protruding jaw and enlarged nose, and various systemic effects, including cardiovascular complications and metabolic issues. The growth hormone excess can also lead to elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which is responsible for many of the growth-promoting effects seen in this condition.

The other options presented refer to different endocrine disorders that do not involve excessive growth hormone secretion. For example, diabetes mellitus is related to problems with insulin regulation, Addison's disease involves adrenal insufficiency, and cretinism pertains to congenital hypothyroidism affecting growth and development.