What condition is characterized by "moon facies" and "buffalo hump"?

Cushing's syndrome is characterized by distinctive physical features, including "moon facies" and "buffalo hump." Moon facies refers to the rounded facial appearance due to fat redistribution, commonly seen in individuals with excess cortisol levels. The term "buffalo hump" describes the accumulation of fat on the upper back and neck, resulting in a pronounced hump. These features are primarily the result of chronic exposure to high levels of cortisol or corticosteroid treatment.

The condition arises from various causes, such as pituitary tumors leading to increased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production, adrenal tumors, or ectopic ACTH secretion from non-pituitary tumors. The excessive cortisol alters fat distribution in the body, resulting in these specific changes in appearance, as well as other symptoms like hypertension, hyperglycemia, and skin changes.

Other conditions listed, such as acromegaly, graves' disease, and addison's disease, present with different clinical features and do not typically feature both "moon facies" and "buffalo hump."