What gland produces melatonin?

The gland responsible for producing melatonin is the pineal gland. This small, pea-shaped gland is located in the brain and plays a crucial role in regulating circadian rhythms, commonly known as the body’s internal clock. Melatonin synthesis is influenced by light exposure; it is typically produced in higher amounts during the night, promoting sleepiness, and the levels decrease in response to light, helping to wake the body.

The pineal gland operates independently of other glands, making it a unique contributor to sleep-wake cycles and seasonal biological rhythms. Understanding the role of the pineal gland and its secretion of melatonin is essential for grasping concepts related to sleep disorders, jet lag, and the effects of light on physiology.