What is an effect of elevated cortisol levels in the body?

Elevated cortisol levels in the body lead to increased glucose production, a process primarily driven by gluconeogenesis in the liver. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, plays a vital role in the body’s response to stress and in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. When cortisol levels rise, especially in response to stress, the body mobilizes energy by increasing the availability of glucose. This occurs through several mechanisms, including promoting the breakdown of proteins into amino acids, which can then be converted into glucose.

This heightened glucose production serves to ensure that adequate energy is available for vital organs and systems, especially during times of stress, thereby contributing to the “fight or flight” response. Moreover, elevated cortisol also suppresses the uptake of glucose in peripheral tissues, supporting higher blood glucose levels.

While the other options might have some relevance in different contexts, they do not accurately reflect the physiological effects of elevated cortisol. For instance, increased insulin sensitivity would typically occur with lower cortisol levels, while elevated cortisol is associated with reduced inflammation due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Similarly, enhanced thyroid function is not a direct effect of elevated cortisol; in fact, prolonged high cortisol levels can lead to a decrease in thyroid hormone production by affecting the hypothalam