What is the main clinical manifestation of pheochromocytoma?

Pheochromocytoma is a tumor that originates from chromaffin cells, which produce catecholamines such as epinephrine and norepinephrine. The excessive production and release of these hormones lead to significant cardiovascular effects, the most notable being paroxysmal hypertension. This is characterized by episodes of sudden and severe hypertension that can occur intermittently.

Patients often experience these hypertensive crises accompanied by symptoms such as palpitations, sweating, and severe headaches, all directly associated with the excessive catecholamine release during these episodes. While other symptoms can be present, the hallmark sign of a pheochromocytoma is the unpredictable spikes in blood pressure, making paroxysmal hypertension the main clinical manifestation of this condition.

Understanding this aspect is crucial for diagnosing and managing patients suspected of having pheochromocytoma, as the presence of significant hypertension can lead to serious complications if left untreated.