What is the relationship between insulin and glucagon?

The correct answer highlights the essential roles of insulin and glucagon in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas in response to high blood glucose levels, such as after eating. Its primary function is to lower blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into tissues, particularly muscle and fat cells. Additionally, insulin promotes the storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscle, and it enhances fat and protein synthesis.

On the other hand, glucagon is another hormone produced by the pancreatic alpha cells, and its role is to raise blood glucose levels, particularly during periods of fasting or between meals when blood sugar levels drop. It stimulates the liver to convert glycogen back into glucose and release it into the bloodstream (a process known as glycogenolysis). Glucagon also promotes gluconeogenesis, the process of forming glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.

Understanding the interplay between these two hormones is crucial for maintaining glucose homeostasis. When insulin levels increase, glucagon levels decrease, and vice versa. This reciprocal relationship allows the body to effectively manage fluctuations in blood glucose levels, ensuring they remain within a healthy range.