What is the target organ for ACTH?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) primarily targets the adrenal cortex, which is the outer layer of the adrenal glands located atop the kidneys. Upon stimulation by ACTH, the adrenal cortex is prompted to produce and release important hormones, primarily cortisol, which plays a crucial role in stress response, metabolism, immune function, and maintaining homeostasis.

Understanding the function and target of ACTH is critical in recognizing how the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis operates. The release of ACTH itself is stimulated by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus, and it serves as a key link between the body's stress response mechanisms and adrenal hormone production. This relationship underscores the significance of the adrenal cortex as the target organ for ACTH.