What might excessive secretion of cortisol lead to?

Excessive secretion of cortisol is primarily associated with Cushing's syndrome, a condition characterized by an overproduction of cortisol from the adrenal glands. This can result from various causes, including pituitary adenomas (Cushing's disease), adrenal tumors, or ectopic ACTH production.

The clinical manifestations of Cushing's syndrome are diverse and may include obesity (especially around the abdomen and face), hypertension, hyperglycemia, muscle weakness, and skin changes such as thinning and easy bruising. The excessive levels of cortisol disrupt normal glucose metabolism, increase blood sugar levels, and can lead to insulin resistance, which further contributes to weight gain and metabolic abnormalities.

In contrast, adrenal insufficiency occurs when there is insufficient cortisol production, which is not relevant to the question about excess. Hypoglycemia and a decrease in appetite would not typically be consequences of excessive cortisol levels; instead, high cortisol usually promotes increased appetite and hyperglycemia. Therefore, the choice of Cushing's syndrome accurately reflects the consequences of prolonged and excessive cortisol secretion.