What role does the pancreas play in glucose metabolism?

The pancreas is a crucial organ in glucose metabolism because it secretes both insulin and glucagon, each having opposite effects on blood glucose levels. Insulin is produced by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas and is responsible for lowering blood glucose levels. It facilitates the uptake of glucose by the body's cells for energy and promotes the storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscle tissues.

On the other hand, glucagon is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas and acts to raise blood glucose levels, particularly during fasting or in response to low glucose levels. It stimulates the liver to convert stored glycogen back into glucose and to release it into the bloodstream.

The balance between insulin and glucagon secretion allows the pancreas to maintain homeostasis regarding blood glucose levels, adapting to the body's metabolic needs. Thus, the correct choice reflects the pancreas's dual role in regulating glucose concentrations in the body through these two hormones.