What two hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

The posterior pituitary gland is responsible for the secretion of two key hormones: oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin. Oxytocin plays a crucial role in various physiological functions, including stimulating uterine contractions during labor and promoting milk ejection during breastfeeding. ADH, on the other hand, is essential for regulating fluid balance in the body by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys, thus helping to control blood pressure and blood volume.

Understanding the functions of these hormones is vital in the context of various conditions. For instance, a deficiency in ADH can lead to diabetes insipidus, characterized by excessive urination and thirst due to the inability to concentrate urine. Similarly, oxytocin's role in childbirth highlights its importance in reproductive health and maternal bonding.

The other combinations of hormones presented do not accurately represent the functions of the posterior pituitary. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is secreted by the hypothalamus, while cortisol is released from the adrenal glands and is not associated with the posterior pituitary. Insulin and glucagon are hormones produced by the pancreas that regulate blood glucose levels, thus also not related to the posterior pituitary's functions.