Which complication should the nurse monitor for a client with hyperparathyroidism post-parathyroidectomy?

Following a parathyroidectomy, the primary concern for a nurse monitoring a client who has undergone surgery for hyperparathyroidism is the risk of hypocalcemia. Hyperparathyroidism is characterized by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which leads to increased calcium levels in the blood. When the parathyroid glands are removed or partially removed during a parathyroidectomy, the immediate post-operative period often sees a decreased level of PTH, resulting in a rapid drop in serum calcium levels. This condition is referred to as hypoparathyroidism and is accompanied by symptoms of hypocalcemia.

Patients may exhibit signs such as tingling or numbness around the mouth or in the fingers and toes, muscle cramps, or spasms. Severe hypocalcemia can lead to more serious complications, such as seizures or cardiac issues, necessitating close monitoring and potentially the administration of calcium supplements or intravenous calcium in the post-operative setting.

In contrast, other complications like hypertension and hyperglycemia are not directly associated with the aftermath of parathyroid surgery. Muscle spasms can occur with low calcium levels, but they are a symptom rather than a standalone complication to monitor. Focusing on hypocalcemia allows healthcare providers to intervene promptly and