Which gland is known as the "master gland" of the endocrine system?

The pituitary gland is frequently termed the "master gland" of the endocrine system due to its crucial role in regulating various bodily functions through hormone secretion. It is situated at the base of the brain and is responsible for controlling several other endocrine glands, such as the thyroid, adrenal glands, and gonads (testes and ovaries).

The pituitary gland produces a variety of hormones, including growth hormone, prolactin, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal glands. Additionally, it secretes thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which regulates the thyroid gland's activity, influencing metabolism, growth, and development.

Due to its pivotal role in hormone regulation, the pituitary gland orchestrates critical systems throughout the body, making it foundational to the overall function of the endocrine system. Other glands, while important, do not exert the same level of control over multiple endocrine functions as the pituitary does.