Which gland produces the stress hormone cortisol?

The adrenal cortex is responsible for producing cortisol, which is commonly known as the stress hormone. When the body encounters stress, whether physical or emotional, the hypothalamus signals the adrenal glands to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). This, in turn, stimulates the adrenal cortex to synthesize and release cortisol into the bloodstream. Cortisol plays a crucial role in helping the body manage stress by increasing blood glucose levels, suppressing the immune response, and aiding in metabolism.

The thyroid gland primarily produces thyroid hormones, which are involved in regulating metabolism and energy levels but do not directly respond to stress. The pancreas is mainly involved in regulating blood sugar levels through insulin and glucagon, which are not related to the production of cortisol. The posterior pituitary mainly releases hormones like oxytocin and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) and does not produce cortisol. Thus, the adrenal cortex is clearly the gland that produces cortisol, emphasizing its key role in the body's stress response.