Which hormone regulates sodium and potassium levels in the body?

Aldosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that plays a crucial role in regulating sodium and potassium levels in the body. It is part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which helps maintain blood pressure and electrolyte balance. Aldosterone acts primarily on the kidneys, promoting the reabsorption of sodium and the excretion of potassium in the distal tubules and collecting ducts.

When aldosterone levels are elevated, the reabsorption of sodium leads to water retention, which increases blood volume and blood pressure. Simultaneously, increased excretion of potassium helps prevent hyperkalemia, a condition characterized by high potassium levels that can cause dangerous cardiac arrhythmias. This regulation of sodium and potassium by aldosterone is essential for maintaining proper fluid balance, blood pressure, and overall cardiovascular health.

The other hormones listed do not have a primary role in regulating these specific electrolyte levels. Cortisol is primarily involved in metabolism and stress response, epinephrine is crucial for the fight-or-flight response, and insulin primarily regulates glucose levels in the body.