Which hormone's level is elevated in response to stress?

Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex and plays a critical role in the body's response to stress. When an individual encounters a stressful situation, the hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). This, in turn, prompts the adrenal glands to produce and release cortisol into the bloodstream. Elevated cortisol levels have numerous effects on the body, including increasing blood sugar levels, enhancing metabolism, and suppressing the immune response to prioritize energy expenditure and mobilization during stress.

While adrenaline (also known as epinephrine) is also released in response to stress, its action is more immediate and acute, facilitating the "fight or flight" response. Cortisol's role is more prolonged, supporting sustained energy availability and helping the body manage stress over a longer period. Glucagon and insulin are primarily involved in regulating blood glucose levels rather than directly mediating the stress response. Thus, the elevation of cortisol under stress conditions underscores its significance in the body's adaptive mechanisms to handle challenging situations.