Which of the following hormones regulates metabolic processes primarily in the liver?

Cortisol is effective in regulating metabolic processes primarily in the liver due to its role as a glucocorticoid hormone. It influences several important metabolic pathways, including gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis, particularly during times of stress or fasting. When cortisol levels rise, such as during stress, the hormone stimulates the liver to convert amino acids and glycerol into glucose, effectively raising blood sugar levels to meet increased energy demands.

Additionally, cortisol helps in the metabolism of fats and proteins, making it crucial for maintaining homeostasis in response to various physiological stimuli. Its effects in the liver also include influencing lipid metabolism and the mobilization of fat stores, further highlighting its central role in metabolic regulation.

This aspect of cortisol's function underscores its importance in systemic metabolic homeostasis, particularly through its actions in the liver, distinguishing it from the other hormones listed.